M'zaka za m'ma 1940, akatswiri a zomangamanga a ku Germany adapeza kuti zomatira komanso zopanda mpweya zazitsulo zotchinga madzi za asphalt ndi zokutira zotchinga madzi zimapangitsa kuti chinyezi chotsalira mu konkire chitsekedwe, ndipo mpweya wamadzi mu konkire sungathe kutulutsidwa. . Zotsatira zake, nkhungu zimamera padenga ndi makoma, ndipo mpweya wabwino wamkati ndi thanzi la anthu zili pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Choncho, makampani omangamanga ku Germany anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ma cushion a denga olowera mpweya kuti alowe m'malo odzimatira okha ndi zokutira kuti asalowe madzi. Mpweya wodutsa mpweya uwu umayikidwa pamwamba pa denga kuti mpweya wamadzi wa denga la konkire utuluke mwamsanga. Tulukani, motero kupewa kuswana nkhungu.
Pansi pa mbiri yakale panthawiyo, kumvetsetsa kwa anthu kumanga mphamvu zamagetsi sikunali kokwanira. Ndi kufalikira kwa vuto la mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi m'zaka za m'ma 1970, mayiko a ku Ulaya ndi ku America adaganizira kwambiri nkhani yomanga mphamvu zamagetsi. Akatswiri amagetsi apeza kuti ngakhale mtundu uwu wa khushoni wopumira umalola kuti mpweya wamadzi wa denga la konkire utulutsidwe ndikuthana bwino ndi zovuta za chinyezi ndi nkhungu, nthunzi yambiri yamadzi imatulutsidwa kumalo otsekemera, ndipo kutenthetsa kwa zinthu zotsekemera kumawonongeka kwambiri.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, akatswiri a American and Canadian Building Standards Association adapeza kuti kukhazikika kwa nthunzi yamadzi m'makoma akunja ndi madenga a nyumba kudzasokoneza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a zida zomangira komanso kulimba kwa mpanda, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa nkhungu. Chifukwa chachikulu cha dampness ndi madzi gawo madzi ndi nthunzi gawo madzi akulowa mu envelopu dongosolo mothandizidwa ndi mpweya kunja kwa nyumbayo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, nyumba zina ku United States zayamba kugwiritsa ntchito nembanemba zopanda madzi, ndikuziyika kunja kwa zosanjikiza ngati nyumba yopangira ❖ kuyanika kwa nyumbayo kuti ipititse patsogolo mpweya ndi madzi a nyumbayo, koma nembanemba iyi yopanda madzi si yopumira, ndi nthunzi ya chinyezi. a envelopu dongosolo akadali sangathe kutha. Sangathe kuthetsa vuto la chinyezi.
Pambuyo mosalekeza kafukufuku sayansi ndi kuchita, akatswiri mu makampani yomanga ku Germany ndi United States potsiriza anapeza kuti mpweya permeable denga khushoni anasinthidwa kukhala sanali permeable coiled zakuthupi monga nthunzi chotchinga wosanjikiza pa denga wosanjikiza m'munsi, kotero kuti Nthunzi yamadzi ya padenga la konkire yoponyedwayo inkakhazikika. Ikhoza kutulutsidwa pamlingo wina, kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa nthunzi yamadzi kuchokera padenga la konkire kupita kumalo otsekemera; kugwiritsa ntchito nembanemba yopanda madzi yopumira ngati njira yopangira nyumba (pambuyo pake imatchedwa nembanemba yopumira madzi) kuteteza kulowa kwamadzi ndi nthunzi madzi kuchokera kunja kwa nyumbayo. . Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa chotchinga cha nthunzi ndi chimbudzi chopanda madzi ndi chopumira kumalimbitsa mpweya komanso kutsekemera kwa madzi kwa nyumbayo, kumathetsa vuto la chinyezi ndi kuteteza nkhungu, ndikuteteza bwino ntchito yotentha ya nyumbayo, motero kukwaniritsa cholinga. zopulumutsa mphamvu zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, njira yothetsera madzi komanso yopumira mpweya inalimbikitsidwa mwamphamvu m'mayiko otukuka ku Ulaya ndi United States, ndipo idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'nyumba zogona ndi anthu. Kumanga kwa membrane wopanda madzi komanso kupuma kumadziwika kuti "nyumba yopumira". Chingwe chopanda madzi komanso chopumira chimayikidwa pagawo lotsekera kuti chiteteze bwino gawolo. Palibe chifukwa chothira konkriti yabwino yamwala pagawo lotsekera. Kukhathamiritsa kwa chiwembu kumachepetsa mtengo womanga. Japan, Malaysia ndi maiko ena nawonso motsatizana anayambitsa matekinoloje ochokera ku Germany ndi United States, ndipo anayamba kupanga anthu ambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nembanemba zosalowa madzi ndi mpweya.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, boma la China lapereka chidwi kwambiri pakumanga chitetezo champhamvu, zomwe zapangitsa kuti dziko langa likhazikitse njira zopanda madzi komanso zopumira, ndikupanga "Mapangidwe Omangamanga Opanda Madzi ndi Opumira", "Profiled Steel Plate". , Sandwich Panel Roofing and Exterior Wall Structure" Ndi zina zapadera
Nthawi yotumiza: 15-09-21